ReZa

• If you drop an apple, it falls. Fact = An apple falls, if you drop it.
• If you don’t do your homework, I will be disappointed. Fact = I will be disappointed, if you don’t do your homework.

• If I have time today, I will phone my friend. Fact = I will phone my friend, if I have time today.
• If I go to England, I will buy some Cheddar cheese. Fact = I will buy some Cheddar cheese, if I go to England.

• If I were you, I wouldn’t do that. Fact = I wouldn’t do that, if I were you.
• If I had more time, I would do more on my websites. Fact = I would do more on my websites, if I had more time.

• If I hadn’t helped you, you would have failed. Fact = You would have failed, if I hadn’t helped you.
• If it had been sunny, we could have gone out. Fact = We could have gone out, if it had been.

1. I wish my friend would visit me this afternoon. (Saya berharap teman saya akan mengunjungi saya sore ini). Fact : my friend will not come this afternoon.
2. They wish that you could come to the party tonight. (Mereka berharap bahwa kamu bisa datang sebentar malam). Fact : you can’t come.
3. Bobby wishes he were coming with Angelia. (Bobby berharap dia datang dengan Angelia). Fact: Bobby is not coming with Angelia.

b. Present wish

1. I wish I were rich. (Saya berharap saya kaya). Fact adalah: I am not rich.
2. I wish I had enough time to finish my work. (Saya berharap saya punya cukup waktu untuk menyelesaikan pekerjaan saya). Fact: I don’t have enough time to finish my work.
3. John wishes that Ririn were old enough to be his girl friend. (John berharap bahwa Ririn cukup umur untuk menjadi pacarnya). Fact: Ririn is not old enough to be John’s girl friend.
4. I wish I didn’t have to come to class today. (Saya berharap saya tidak harus pergi kuliah hari ini). Fact: I have to go to class today.
5. I wish my TOEFL score were over 650 now. (Saya berharap nilai TOEFL saya sekarang lebih dari 650). Fact: my TOEFL score is not over 650 now.

c. Past wish

1. I wish I had washed my clothes yesterday. (Saya berharap saya telah cuci pakaian-pakaian saya kemarin). Fact: I didn’t wash my clothes yesterday.
2. Irwan wishes that he had answered the questions well. (Irwan berharap bahwa dia telah menjawab soal-soal dengan baik). Fact: Irwan didn’t answer the questions well.
3. Christian Ronaldo wishes that his team could have beaten the German team. (Christian Ronaldo berharap bahwa teamnya dapat mengalahkan team Jerman). Fact: Christian Ronaldo’s team couldn’t beat the German team.
4. I wish you had been here last night. (Saya berharap kamu ada di sini tadi malam). Fact: you were not here last night.

In daily life, sometimes we wish something. For example, If you accept me as your boyfriend, I will love you forever. If I’m rich, I will make an orphanage. If I had wings, I will fly into the blue sky, etc. These sentences called conditional sentences, it means that the activities can be done if the condition are fulfilled. Or I can say, it is causality. There are some rules in using conditional sentences, if we put the “if” clause in the beginning of sentences, we will have to use “,” to the next clause. Otherwise, if we put the “if” clause in the end of sentences, we don’t have to use “,” to separate two clauses.





Type of Conditional Sentences



a). Real conditionals (factual / habitual / hypothetical / future possible)



This type used to expressing the situation or activity that can be happened or fulfilled. In other word, what we wished for can be realized in actual life.



Examples :

1. If I have the time, I will go

2. If I become your boyfriend, I will make you happy forever

i). Future time
If + S + present tense, S + will + Verb1
can
may
must



Examples :

1. If I have the money, I will give it to you. (Jika saya punya uangnya, saya akan memberikannya kepada kamu).
2. If you keep driving on this speed, we may arrive at home before 10 p.m. (Jika kamu terus nyetir mobil pada kecepatan ini, kita mungkin tiba di rumah sebelum jam 10 malam).
3. I can pass this subject if I study hard. (Saya dapat lulus mata kuliah ini, jika saya belajar giat).
4. You must bring an umbrella if you don’t want to get wet. (Kamu harus membawa payung, jika kamu tidak ingin basah (kehujanan).



ii). Habitual (kebiasaan/habit)


If + S + verb1, S + verb1



Examples :

1. If Budi has enough time, he usually walks to campus. (Jika Budi punya cukup waktu, dia biasanya jalan kaki ke kampus).
2. I usually watch football on TV every Saturday night if I do not fall asleep. (Saya biasanya nonton sepakbola di TV tiap Sabtu malam jika saya tidak tertidur).
3. If he has money, he always treats us. (Jika dia punya uang, dia selalu mentraktir kita).



iii). Command (perintah)


If + S + verb1, S + verb1



Examples :

1. If you finish with your work, please help me. (Jika kamu selesai dengan pekerjaanmu, tolong bantu saya).
2. Please give me a cigarette if you don’t mind. (Tolong beri saya sepuntung rokok, jika kamu tidak keberatan).
3. If you have time, please meet me in my office. (Jika kamu punya waktu, tolong temui saya di kantor saya).





b). Unreal atau Contrary to Fact Conditionals



Different with real conditional, this type is a contrary from the fact. It means, if the fact positive (affirmative), then the conditional sentences would be negative.



Examples :

1. If the teacher didn’t speak quickly, I could understand better what he is teaching about
2. He could hug me, if he were here. (Dia boleh memeluk saya, jika dia di sini). Fact : he can’t hug me, because, he is not here



i). Unreal conditionals if the facts in simple present tense



If + S + verb2,


S +


would
could
might


+ Verb1



Examples :

1. If the teacher didn’t speak quickly, I could understand better what he is teaching about. (Jika guru itu tidak berbicara dengan cepat, saya dapat memahami dengan lebih baik apa yang dia sedang ajarkan). Fact : the teacher speaks quickly, so that, I can’t understand well what he is teaching about.
2. He could hug me, if he were here. (Dia boleh memeluk saya, jika dia di sini). Fact : he can’t hug me, because, he is not here.
3. If I had a pair of wings, I would fly high. (Jika saya punya sepasang sayap, saya akan terbang tinggi). Fact : I don’t have a pair of wings, I can’t fly.



ii). Unreal conditionals if the facts in simple past tense





If + S + had + verb3,


S +
would
could
might 

+ have + verb3

Examples :

1. If Robby had not gone to a movie last night, he would not have met Susan (jika Robby tidak pergi nonton film (di bioskop) tadi malam, dia tidak akan berjumpa dengan Susan). Fact: Robby went to a movie last night, then, he met Susan.
2. If the German football team had played well, it could have beaten the Spanish team (jika team sepak bola Jerman bermain bagus, team itu dapat mengalahkan team Spanyol). Fact: German foot ball team didn’t play well, it couldn’t beat the Spanish team.
3. You could have answered the questions well if you had studied well last night (kamu dapat menjawab soal-soal dengan baik, jika kamu belajar dengan baik tadi malam). Fact: you couldn’t answer the questions well, because, you didn’t study well last night.


source

http://fikarzone.wordpress.com/2011/11/04/tenth-assignment-conditional-sentences/

http://swarabhaskara.com/miscellaneous/conditional-sentences-part-1/

http://swarabhaskara.com/miscellaneous/conditional-sentences-part-2/

1. I don’t like tea. (active voice)

1. She does not write the test.(active voice)

1. He did not attend the wedding.(active voice)

1. She did not invite me. (active voice)

1. She doesn’t waters this plant every two days (active voice)

1. He doesn’t write this poem (active voice)

1. She doesn’t like muscular guy

1. Mr. John doesn’t read a novel

1. I’m not doing my homework

1. She isn’t have an ugly face

1. Did they catch the thief? (Active)

1. Will The King inaugurate the new bridge? (Active)

1. Do they make cars in Korea? (Active)

1. Do the hounds kill the fox? (Active)

1. Did the bull kill the matador? (Active)

1. Have the police found the body? (Active)

1. Why has the government banned the film? (Active)

1. When did they hijack the plane? (Active)

1. How did your host family treat you? (Active)

1. What caused the accident? (Active)

1. Has anyone cleaned the oven yet? (Active)

1. Is a doctor going to examine you? (Active)

Some Exceptions

• They are eating.
• We play> in the evening.
• I understand.

• How did you cover all that distance? We walked it. (‘walked’ has the object ‘it’ in this sentence)
• I cannot stand such nonsense. (‘stand’ has the object ‘nonsense’ in this sentence)

1. He met her yesterday.
2. She wrote a story last year.
3. Rust destroys iron.

• sentence 1 — question: met whom? — answer: her
• sentence 2 — question: wrote what? — answer: story
• sentence 3 — question: destroys what? — answer: iron

• Active : We fertilize the soil every 6 months
• Passive: The soil is fertilized by us every 6 months

• Active : He meets them everyday.
• Passive : They are met by him everyday.

• Active : She waters this plant every two days.
• Passive : This plant is watered by her every two days.

• Active : He met them yesterday
• Passive : They were met by him yesterday

• Active : She watered this plant this morning
• Passive : This plant was watered by her this morning

• Active : He has met them
• Passive : They have been met by him

• Active : She has watered this plant for 5 minutes.
• Passive : This plant has been watered by her for 5 minutes.

• Active : Jack sings a song (active)
• Passive A song is sung by Jack (Passive)